Which part of a tooth is primarily covered by cementum?

The root surface of a tooth is primarily covered by cementum. Cementum is a calcified tissue that forms the outer layer of the tooth's root, helping to anchor the tooth within the jawbone by attaching to the periodontal ligament. This structure plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the tooth and supporting it in the dental socket.

Cementum is distinct from enamel, which covers the anatomical crown of the tooth, and it also differs from the oral mucosa, which is the soft tissue lining the mouth. Understanding the function and location of cementum is essential for recognizing its importance in dental health, particularly in relation to periodontal disease and tooth retention.