Which of the following treatments typically requires informed consent?

Informed consent is a crucial part of dental treatments, especially when the procedures involve significant risks or invasive techniques. Oral surgery typically requires informed consent because it is more complex and may carry risks such as bleeding, infection, and complications related to anesthesia. Patients need to be thoroughly informed about the procedure, including its potential benefits, risks, and alternative options, enabling them to make an educated decision regarding their treatment.

In contrast, treatments such as general cleaning, fluoride treatment, and dental sealants usually do not involve the same level of risk or complexity. These procedures are generally considered routine and non-invasive, and thus, do not typically require the same level of detailed consent that oral surgery necessitates. This is why informed consent is particularly critical in the context of oral surgery, where the implications of proceeding without proper understanding can be significant for the patient's health and wellbeing.